Elu ụwa anyị abụghị otu; ọ nwere ihe siri ike a na-akpọ slabs. Mgbanwe niile dị egwu - ala ọma jijiji, ugwu mgbawa, enyemaka na mbuli elu nke mpaghara ala ọ bụla - na - eme n'ihi tectonics - ngagharị nke efere lithospheric.
Alfred Wegener bụ onye izizi webatara nkwupụta nke ịpụgharị nke ala dị iche iche metụtara ibe ha na 1930 nke narị afọ gara aga. O kwuru na n'ihi mmekorita oge niile nke lithosphere, e guzobere kọntinent n'ụwa. Sayensị natara nkwenye nke okwu ya naanị na 1960, mgbe ọ gụsịrị ala ala oke osimiri, ebe ndị mgbanwe mmiri na ndị ọkà mmụta banyere ala gbanwere mgbanwe ndị dị na mbara ala.
Teknụzụ nke oge a
N'oge a, e kewara mbara ụwa ahụ n'ime nnukwu mbadamba lithospheric asatọ na mbadamba iri na abụọ. Mgbe nnukwu mpaghara lithosphere ahụ gbasasịrị n'ụzọ dị iche iche, ihe ndị dị na uwe elu ụwa na-apụta n'ime mgbape, jụụ, na-akpụ ala nke Oke Osimiri Worldwa, ma na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka kọntinent ahụ dị iche.
Ọ bụrụ na efere ndị ahụ na-asọ ibe ha ọgụ, ọgba aghara zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eme, na-esonye na nmikpu nke otu akụkụ nke ngọngọ ala n'ime uwe mgbokwasị ahụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ala bụ efere nke oké osimiri, nke a na-echetaghachi ihe ndị dị na ya n'okpuru mmetụta nke okpomọkụ dị elu, bụrụ akụkụ nke uwe ahụ. N'okwu a, a na-eziga obere ihe ọkụ ọkụ na ebe ugwu mgbawa, ndị dị arọ na-edozi, na-emikpu na ala nke uwe na-enwu ọkụ nke ụwa, na-adọta ya na isi ya.
Mgbe efere kọntinent ndị ga-agbakọ, a na-akpụ ogige ndị bụ́ ugwu ugwu. Mmadu nwere ike ihu ihe yiri nkea ya na ntughari ice, mgbe nnukwu mmiri nke mmiri oyi na-ada n'elu ibe ha, na-adaru ma na-agbasa. Nke a bụ otu o si bụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugwu niile dị na mbara ala ka a kpụrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Himalayas na Alps, Pamirs na Andes.
Sayensị nke oge a agbakọgola ọsọ ọsọ nke kọntinent ndị metụtara ibe ha:
- Europe na-alaghachi na North America na ọnụego nke 5 centimeters kwa afọ;
- Australia “na-agba ọsọ” site na South Pole site na 15 centimeters kwa ọnwa iri na abụọ.
Osimiri lithospheric kachasị ọsọ na-agagharị, tupu nke ndị kọntinent site na oge 7.
N'ihi nyocha nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, amụma nke ọdịnihu nke efere lithospheric bilitere, dịka nke Oké Osimiri Mediterenian ga-apụ, a ga-agbanye Bay nke Biscay, Australia ga-abụkwa akụkụ nke kọntinent Eurasia.
