India bụ mba Eshia nke bi na mpaghara Indian ụfọdụ, yana ọtụtụ agwaetiti na Oke Osimiri Indian. Mpaghara a mara mma juputara na oke okike di iche iche, tinyere ala di nma, oke ohia, mineral na mmiri. A na-ekesa ihe ndị a n'ụzọ sara mbara na mpaghara sara mbara. Anyị ga-atụle ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'okpuru.
Ala ala
India nwere oke ala na-eme nri. N'ala ala ugwu nke nnukwu ugwu dị larịị nke ndagwurugwu Satle Ganga na ndagwurugwu Brahmaputra, osikapa, ọka, okpete, jute, owu, rapeseed, mọstad, mkpụrụ sesame, flax, wdg, na-amịpụta mkpụrụ n'ụba.
A na-etolite owu na okpete n’ala ojii nke Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarati.
Mineral
India bara ezigbo ọgaranya na mineral dị ka:
- ígwè;
- unyi;
- mmanụ;
- manganese;
- bauxite;
- chromites;
- ọla kọpa;
- tungsten;
- gypsum;
- nzu nzu;
- mica, wdg.
Igwu kol na India malitere na 1774 mgbe Eastlọ Ọrụ East India dị na ọdọ mmiri Raniganja n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Osimiri Damadar na steeti India nke West Bengal. Uto nke igwupụta coal na India malitere mgbe ewepụtara locomotives uzuoku na 1853. Mmepụta mụbara ruo otu nde tọn. Mmepụta ruru nde tọn iri atọ na 1946. Mgbe nnwere onwe, e kere National Coal Development Corporation, na ndị na-egwupụta ihe wee bụrụ ndị nwe ụgbọ okporo ígwè. India na-erepia kool tumadi maka mpaghara ike.
N'ihe dị ka Eprel 2014, India nwere ihe ruru ijeri 5.62 nke mmanụ mmanụ gosipụtara, si otú a na-edobe onwe ya dị ka nke abụọ kachasị na Asia-Pacific mgbe China gasịrị. Imirikiti mmanụ India nwere dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ (na Mumbai Hai) na n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụkwa nnukwu nchekwa na oke osimiri Bengal na steeti Rajasthan. Njikọ nke oriri mmanụ na-eto eto na nke a na-agaghị agbagha agbagha na-eme ka India dabere na mbubata iji gboo mkpa ya.
India nwere 1437 ijeri m3 nke egosiri na gas dị ka nke Eprel 2010, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ gọọmentị. Otutu gas nke amị na India na-esite na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara mmiri, ọkachasị ogige Mumbai. Ala ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na:
- Assam;
- Tripura;
- Andhra Pradesh;
- Telangane;
- Gujarat.
Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dịka Geological Survey nke India, Indian Bureau of Mines, wdg, na-etinye aka na nyocha na mmepe nke ihe ndị ịnweta n'ala na India.
Oke ohia
N'ihi ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ihu igwe na ihu igwe, India juputara na ahịhịa na ahịhịa. Enwere ọtụtụ ogige ntụrụndụ mba na ọtụtụ narị ebe obibi anụ ọhịa.
A na-akpọ oke ọhịa "ọla edo na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ". Ihe ndi a bu ihe eji emeghari ohuru. Ha na - akwado ogo gburugburu ebe obibi: ha na - amata CO2, nsi nke mmepe obodo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na - achịkwa ihu igwe, ebe ha na - eme dịka “ogbe” eke.
Industrylọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ osisi na-enye nnukwu ego na akụnụba mba. O di nwute, imeputa ulo oru nwere onodu ojoo na onu ogugu nke oke ohia, belata ha na onu ogugu. N’akụkụ a, gọọmentị India ewepụtala ọtụtụ iwu iji chekwa oke ọhịa.
E guzobere Researchlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọhịa na Dehradun iji mụọ ọrụ nke mmepe ọhịa. Ha emepegoro ma tinye usoro nkpuru ahihia, nke gunyere:
- nhọta osisi;
- ịkụ osisi ọhụrụ;
- osisi nchedo.
Mmiri mmiri
N'ihe banyere oke mmiri mmiri, India bụ otu n'ime mba iri kachasị baa ọgaranya, ebe ọ bụ na 4% nke mmiri ọ freshụ freshụ dị n'ụwa nwere agbado na ókèala ya. Agbanyeghị nke a, dị ka akụkọ sitere n'aka otu ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe si kwuo, India ewepụtara dịka mpaghara nwere oke mmebi nke mmiri. Taa, mmiri oriri dị 1122 m3 kwa onye isi, ebe dịka ụkpụrụ ụwa si dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ a kwesịrị ịbụ 1700 m3. Ndị nyocha na-ebu amụma na n'ọdịnihu, na ọnụego ojiji ugbu a, India nwere ike ịnwe ụkọ mmiri ka ukwuu.
Nsogbu topographic, usoro nkesa, ihe mgbochi teknụzụ na njikwa na-adịghị mma na-egbochi India iji mmiri mmiri ya eme ihe nke ọma.
