A na-akpọ ebe ala ọma jijiji, ebe ala ọma jijiji na-emekarị, bụ ala seismic. N'ebe dị otú ahụ, enwere mmagharị dị ukwuu nke efere lithospheric, nke bụ ihe kpatara ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na 95% nke ala ọma jijiji na-eme na mpaghara ala ọma jijiji pụrụ iche.
E nwere nnukwu eriri ala seismic abụọ n’elu ụwa nke gbasaa ruo ọtụtụ puku kilomita n’akụkụ oke osimiri na ala. Nke a bụ meridional Pacific na latitudinal Mediterranean-Trans-Asia.
Belt Pacific
Pacific latitudinal belt gbara Pacific Ocean gburugburu na Indonesia. Ihe karịrị 80% nke ala ọma jijiji niile dị na mbara ụwa na-eme na mpaghara ya. Eriri a na-aga n’agwaetiti Aleutian, kpuchie ụsọ ọdịda anyanwụ nke America, ma Ugwu na Ndịda, rute agwaetiti Japan na New Guinea. Pacific belt nwere alaka anọ - ọdịda anyanwụ, ugwu, ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda. Emechabeghị nke ikpeazu. N'ebe ndị a, a na-ahụ ọrụ ala ala, nke na-eduga na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha.
A na-ahụta akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ dị ka nke kachasị ukwuu na eriri a. Ọ na-amalite na Kamchatka ma gwụchaa na South Antilles loop. N'akụkụ ebe ugwu, a na-enwe ọrụ ala ala mgbe niile, nke ndị bi na California na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke America na-ata ahụhụ.
Mediterranean-Trans-Asia eriri
Mmalite nke eriri ala a nke mmiri na Oke Osimiri Mediterenian. Ọ gafere ugwu ndị dị na Southern Europe, site na North Africa na Asia Minor, wee rute ugwu Himalaya. N'ime eriri a, mpaghara kachasị arụ ọrụ bụ ndị a:
- Ndị Romania Carpathians;
- ókèala Iran;
- Baluchistan;
- Onye Kush Hindu.
Banyere ọrụ dị n'okpuru mmiri, edere ya n'oké osimiri India na Atlantic, na-erute ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Antarctica. Oke Osimiri Arctic dakwara na eriri ala ahụ.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nyere aha Mediterranean-Trans-Asia belt "latitudinal", ka ọ na-erukwa na equator.
Seismic mmiri na ebili mmiri
Ebili mmiri bụ ala mmiri nke sitere na mgbawa ma ọ bụ isi ala ọma jijiji. Ebili mmiri ahụ dị ike ma na-agagharị n’ime ala, mana a na-enwe mkpọtụ n’elu ala ahụ. Ha dị oke ọsọ ma na-agagharị na gas, mmiri mmiri na mgbasa ozi siri ike. Ọrụ ha dịtụ ka ncheta nke ebili mmiri. N'ime ha enwere ebili mmiri ma ọ bụ nke abụọ, nke nwere ntakịrị nwayọ.
N’elu eriri ụwa, ebili mmiri na-arụ ọrụ. Omume ha yiri mmegharị nke ebili mmiri n’elu mmiri. Ha nwere ikike mbibi, a na-enwe mmetụta nke ọma site na omume ha. N'etiti ebili mmiri, e nwere ndị na-ebibi ihe karịsịa na-enwe ike ịkwapụ nkume.
Ya mere, enwere mpaghara ikuku nke ime ala. Site n'ụdị ọnọdụ ha, ndị sayensị achọpụtala eriri abụọ - Pacific na Mediterranean-Trans-Asia. N'ebe ndị ha mere, a chọpụtala ebe ndị kachasị arụ ọrụ ala, ebe mgbawa ugwu na ala ọma jijiji na-emekarị.
Obere eriri ala seismic
Isi seismic belt bụ Pacific na Mediterranean-Trans-Asia. Ha na-agbanye mpaghara ala dị mkpa nke ụwa anyị, nwere ogologo ogologo. Otú ọ dị, anyị ekwesịghị ichefu banyere ihe dị otu a dị ka eriri seismic nke abụọ. Atọ dị otú ahụ mpaghara nwere ike oké:
- mpaghara Arctic;
- na Oke Osimiri Atlantic;
- n’Oké Osimiri India.
N'ihi ngagharị nke efere lithospheric na mpaghara ndị a, ihe ịtụnanya dịka ala ọma jijiji, ebili mmiri na idei mmiri na-eme. Na nke a, ókèala ndị dị nso - kọntinent na agwaetiti - na-ebute ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha.
Yabụ, ọ bụrụ na mpaghara ụfọdụ anaghị enwekarị nsogbu ala, n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ ọ nwere ike iru ọnụego dị elu na Richter. Ebe kachasị emetụ n'ahụ na-abụkarị mmiri n'okpuru. N'ime nchọpụta, a chọpụtara na akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụwa nwere ọtụtụ eriri dị na abụọ. A na-ebido mbido belt ahụ na Philippines wee gbadata na Antarctica.
Seismic ebe ke Atlantic Ocean
N’afọ 1950, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara mpaghara ala ọma jijiji n’Oké Osimiri Atlantic n’afọ 1950. Mpaghara a malitere site n'ụsọ mmiri nke Greenland, gafere nso Mid-Atlantic Submarine Ridge, wee kwụsị na Tristan da Cunha archipelago. A na-akọwa ọrụ ọrụ ala ebe a site na mmejọ ndị na-eto eto nke Middle Ridge, ebe ọ bụ na mmegharị nke efere lithospheric ka na-aga n'ihu ebe a.
Seismic ọrụ na Indian Ocean
Seismic warara ahụ dị n’Oké Osimiri India na-esite na Arabian Peninsula ruo n’ebe ndịda, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ruo Antarctica. A na-ejikọ mpaghara seismic ebe a na Mid Indian Ridge. Ala ọma jijiji na ugwu mgbawa ugwu na-eme ebe a n'okpuru mmiri, isi mmalite adịghị omimi. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ mmejọ tectonic.
Seismic belt dị na mmekọrịta chiri anya na enyemaka dị n'okpuru mmiri. Mgbe otu eriri dị na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Africa, nke abụọ rutere na Channel Mozambique. Osimiri ndị dị n'oké osimiri bụ ndị a na-eme ugbu a.
Seismic mpaghara nke Arctic
A na-ahụ ọdịda ala na mpaghara Arctic. Ala ọma jijiji, ntiwapụ nke ugwu apịtị, yana usoro mbibi dị iche iche na-eme ebe a. Ndị ọkachamara na-enyocha isi mmalite ala ọma jijiji na mpaghara ahụ. Fọdụ ndị mmadụ na-eche na enwere ọrụ mmekpu dị ala ebe a, mana nke a abụghị ya. Mgbe ị na-eme atụmatụ ime ihe ọ bụla ebe a, ọ dị mkpa ka ị nọrọ na nche ma kwadebe maka ihe omume dị iche iche dị iche iche.
A na-akọwa Seismicity na Arctic Basin site na ọnụnọ nke Lomonosov Ridge, nke bụ n'ihu nke Mid Atlantic Ridge. Na mgbakwunye, ejiri mpaghara ala Arctic mara ala ọma jijiji na-ada na mkpọda kọntinent nke Eurasia, mgbe ụfọdụ na North America.
