Ndụ nke oge a nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal. Nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ihe ịchọ mma eji achọ mma, mkpofu mmepụta - ihe ndị a niile chọrọ ezigbo mkpofu. "Ihe mkpofu" nke enwetara site n'aka kemikal bu ihe eji eji ire ere ogologo oge, na ufodu, nnukwu nsogbu di na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Gịnị ka a na-akpọ kemịkal kemịkal?
Ngwurugwu kemịkal bụ "mkpofu" dị iche iche nke sitere na ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa. Mkpofu na akara nhoputa, dika na mgbakwunye na ihe siri ike, enwere ike inwe mmiri mmiri. Nke mbụ, nke a bụ ihe mkpofu sitere na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke na-ewepụta ihe nrụpụta na nkwadebe maka iji ya mee ihe ọzọ.
Mmepụta nke ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ọgwụ, mmanụ maka njem, fatịlaịza ọrụ ubi na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ gụnyekwara ịmepụta ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu nke nwere ike imerụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ụmụ mmadụ.
Kedu ụdị ihe mkpofu kemịkal dị?
A na-ekewa ihe mkpofu nke ụdị kemịkal nwere ike ibupụta n'ọtụtụ ụdị: acids, alkalis, pesticides, residues mmanụ, electrolytes, oil and pharmaceuticals. A na-ewepụta mmanụ mkpofu n'ime usoro nke inweta mmanụ gas, mmanụ dizel, manu oku, mmanụ mmanụ na enweghị ike iji ya mee ihe mgbe niile. Acids na alkalis na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, mana ọ dịkwa mkpa ka a kpofuo ha n'ọtụtụ buru ibu na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa pụrụ iche.
Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, a pụrụ ịkọwa ihe ndị e nwetara n'ụlọ dị ka ihe si na mmepụta ọgwụ mepụta dị ka ihe mkpofu kemịkal. Nke mbụ, nke a bụ ụdị nkwakọ ngwaahịa niile. Oge nri na ngwa ụlọ na-ejupụta na akwụkwọ agafeela ma ugbu a, plastik na-achị ebe a. Akpa, akpa nri, kaadị plastik, arịa ndị nwere ike iwepu - a tụbara ihe a niile n'ime ala mkpofu nkịtị, mana ọ nwere oge ire ere dị ogologo. Ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ihe fọdụrụ na igbe akwụkwọ ahụ n'ime otu afọ ma ọ bụ abụọ, mgbe ahụ akpa plastik ga-anọgide na nsị ala ahụ n'ime afọ 30. Imirikiti ihe ndị dị na plastik anaghị emebi kpamkpam ruo n'afọ 50th.
Kedu ihe na-eme kemịkal kemịkal?
Enwere ike igbanwe ihe mkpofu kemịkalụ ka ọ bụrụ ngwa ọrụ maka usoro mmeputa ọzọ, ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ya. Dabere na ụdị mkpofu na ogo nke ihe egwu ya na ụwa gbara ya gburugburu, e nwere teknụzụ mkpofu dị iche iche: neutralization, chlorination na oxidation, alcoholysis, usoro thermal, distillation, usoro ndu. Ezubere usoro ndị a niile iji belata nsị nke kemịkal, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ iji nweta ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka nchekwa na ya.
Imirikiti ihe mkpofu sitere na mmepụta kemịkal dị egwu ma dị oke egwu. Ya mere, a ga-ebu ụzọ jiri ha mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke ma nwee oke nghọta. Ọtụtụ mgbe ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche na-esonye maka ebumnuche a. Maka ụfọdụ ụdị ihe mkpofu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngwaahịa ndị fọdụrụ na mmanụ distillation, a na-emepụta ebe mkpofu pụrụ iche - nchekwa sludge.
Ighaghachi ihe mkpofu kemịkal na-agụnyekarị ịmegharị ihe. Ọzọkwa, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, enwere ike imegharị ihe mkpofu ụlọ, nke dị egwu na gburugburu ebe obibi kama itinye ya na ebe mkpofu ahihia. N'ihi nke a, ichepụta mkpokọta ahihia na ịhazi ahịhịa dị iche iche.
Ezigbo ihe atụ maka imegharị ihe eji ekpofu ahihia nke ụlọ bụ shredding nke plastik na nsonaazụ nke imepụta maka ịkpụ ngwaahịa ọhụrụ. Enwere ike iji taya ụgbọ ala nkịtị rụọ ọrụ nke ọma maka imepụta roba na-adịghị mma, nke bụ akụkụ nke mkpuchi egwuregwu, korota, ala na ọkwa.
Chemical dị ize ndụ na ndụ kwa ụbọchị
Ọ na - eme na ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị, kemịkal nwere nnukwu nsogbu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ị mebie temometa ọgwụ ochie, mercury ga-agbapụta na ya. Ngwongwo a nwere ike ikpo oku obuna na okpomoku nke ulo, ma vapo ya bu nsi. Inexpert njikwa nke Mercury nwere ike ibute nsị, yabụ ọ ka mma inyefe ndị ọkachamara okwu a ma kpọọ Ministry of Mberede.
Onye ọ bụla nwere ike itinye aka dị mfe ma dị oke nfe maka mkpofu ụlọ nke adịghị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, wụba ihe mkpofu na igbe dị iche iche, ma nyefee batrị (ha nwere electrolyte) na ebe nchịkọta pụrụ iche. Agbanyeghị, nsogbu n'okporo ụzọ a abụghị naanị enweghị ọchịchọ nke "nsogbu", kamakwa enweghị akụrụngwa. N'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke obere obodo ndị dị na Russia, ọ nweghị ebe a na-anakọta batrị na ebe mkpofu dị iche.
