Na Russia, e lere nnụnụ a mara mma anya dị ka ihe na-akwa emo, ọ dịkwa njikere ịtọgbọ n'ụlọ, na-akụzi abụ olu ụtọ ndị ama ama. Bullfinch mere nke ọma imomiri olu na ụda nke mere akpọrọ ya "okooko Russia".
Nkọwa nke bullfinch
Na mba anyị, a maara nkịtị bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) site na genus Pyrrhula, nke bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ finch,... A sụgharịrị aha Latịn Pyrrhula ka "ọkụ".
Aha Russia "bullfinch" nwere nsụgharị abụọ nke mmalite ya. Dị ka nke mbụ si kwuo, nnụnnụ nwetara aha ya n'ihi na ọ na-efega mpaghara ndịda site na ndị ugwu tinyere snow mbụ na ntu oyi. Nkọwa nke abụọ na-ezo aka na Turkic "snig" (uhie-breasted), nke a gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ okwu ochie Russia "snigir", wee banye "bullfinch" maara nke ọma.
Ọdịdị, agba
Nna ochie nke bullfinches bụ Pyrrhula nipalensis, ụdị ndị kasị ochie achọtara na South Asia ma na-akpọkarị finch brown / Nepalese buffalo finch. Pyrrhula nipalensis dị na agba dị ka obere odo odo nke na-efe efe n’akwụ. Site na ụdị Asia a, ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị 5 nke oge a ghọrọ usoro, jiri "okpu" njirimara nke ábụbà ojii chọọ ya mma.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! Okpokoro a na-ahụ anya (mgbe a hụrụ oji gburugburu onu okuko / anya na isi nke isi) na-egosi naanị na ndị okenye ma ọ nọghị na ọkụkọ, nke na-achakarị aja aja.
Bullfinches bụ oke nnụnụ dị oke egwu ma sie ike, ha karịrị nza buru ibu ma too eto ruo sentimita 18. Na oké ntu oyi, ọ dị ha ka ha buru ibu karịa karị, ebe ọ bụ na, mgbe ha na-ekpo ọkụ, ha na-awụba akwa mmiri ha. Ihe dị iche iche nke agba nke bullfinches bụ nkesa doro anya nke agba ndị bụ isi n'elu nku, ebe enweghị ntụpọ, ntụpọ, akara na akara ndị ọzọ.
Toneda, yana ike nke agba nke dị n'okpuru ahụ, kpebisiri ike site n'ụdị nke bullfinch na njirimara ya n'otu n'otu. Odudu na nku elu ugbo elu na-acha oji na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Undertail na loin dị ọcha. Ejikọtara bullfinch na nnukwu onu okuko - obosara ma sie ike, na-emegharị maka ịkụcha mkpụrụ osisi siri ike ma nweta mkpụrụ sitere na ha.
Uma na ibi ndu
Bullfinches na-ebi ndụ kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ nke usoro ndị nna ochie: ụmụ nwoke na-erubere nwanyị isi na enweghị isi, ndị nwere agwa esemokwu. Ọ bụ ha na-ebute esemokwu ezinụlọ ma na-enwe mmeri na ya, agbanyeghị na-ebute esemokwu na esemokwu. Ozugbo ha hụrụ ọnụ ọnụ na-eghe oghe na-anụ mkpọtụ na-enweghị atụ, bullfinches na-agafe, na-enyefe alaka ndị enyi ha ọtụtụ mkpụrụ na ụyọkọ mkpụrụ osisi kacha amị. Lesmụ nwoke na-agbakarị mkparịta ụka na obere mkpanaka karịa ụmụ nwanyị.
Nnụnụ na-atụ oyi n'ime oke nke ebe akwụ́ akwụ (na-atụgharị n'akụkụ ebe obibi na ala ubi), mgbe ụfọdụ na-ezukọta na nnukwu igwe atụrụ, nke na-eme ka a na-ahụkarị bullfinches. Na-eru nso n'oge opupu ihe ubi, na ntụle, ha na-anwa izobe anya anya, nke ha na-akwaga n'oké ọhịa.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! Ná ngwụsị oge oyi na oge opupu ihe ubi, oge eruola maka ịbụ abụ, mgbe ụmụ nwoke na-anwale olu ha, na-anọdụ na ohia ma ọ bụ na okpueze dị elu. Mamụ nwanyị na-abụkarị obere abụ. N’oge akwụ akwụ, nọmba ụda olu niile na-akwụsị.
Bullfinches 'abụ dị jụụ ma na-aga n'ihu - ha jupụtara na mkpọrọhịhị, mkpọtụ na nsị... Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gụnyere mkpụmkpụ melancholic "fu", laconic buzzing whistles "juve" na "zhiu", jụụ "ihe ọ drinkụ drinkụ", "dabara" na "pyut", yana jụụ "ọbụlagodi, ọbụlagodi". Ìgwè ehi ndị agbata obi gbara agbata obi na-ada ụda onwe ha site na ịfụli pụrụ iche, ma nke na-atọ ụtọ ma nke dị ala (ihe dịka "ju ... ju ... ju ...").
Mgbe ha juru, ndị bullfinches na-anọdụ ala ogologo oge na osisi nri, jiri nwayọ na-ehicha onwe ha ma ọ bụ, na-ada, jiri ụda dị elu "ki-ki-ki" kwuo okwu. N'otu oge, ìgwè atụrụ ahụ na-agbaji ma na-efepụ, na-ahapụ ihe ndị metụtara oriri ha na snow - mkpụrụ osisi berry ma ọ bụ foduru nke mkpụrụ. Nke a bụ otú ndụ oge oyi nke bullfinches si dị, na-agagharị na-enweghị nkwụsị site na obere ọhịa, oke ọhịa, ubi mkpụrụ osisi na ubi akwụkwọ nri.
Olee otu bullfinches na-adị ndụ
N'okpuru ọnọdụ okike, bullfinches na-ebi site na 10 ruo 13 afọ, mana ọ dị ntakịrị karịa na njide (ya na nlekọta kwesịrị ekwesị) - ruo afọ 17.
Mmekọahụ dimorphism
Esemokwu dị iche iche dị na mmekọahụ na bullfinches na-ahụ naanị na agba, yana megide ndabere nke nwanyị, ọ bụ nwoke na-ele anya na-egbukepụ egbukepụ, na-ekele ekele maka ụdị ahụ e nyere Pyrrhula ("ọkụ").
Dị mkpa! N'ime oke, agba, olu na obi juputara na ụda uhie na-acha uhie uhie, ebe nwanyị na-egosipụta obi na-acha ntụ ntụ na agba aja aja na-enweghị atụ. Mụ nwoke nwere agba ntụ na-acha ọcha na ọdụ ọcha na ọdụ na-acha ọcha.
N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, ụmụ nwanyị yiri nke nwoke: ha abụọ nwere okpueze ojii site na onu okuko na occiput. Agba ojii na-ekpuchi akpịrị, ebe dị nso na beak ahụ na beak ahụ n'onwe ya, na-agbakwa ọdụ na nku, nke, na mgbakwunye, a na-ahụ ọnya ọcha. Black anaghị asọgharị na agba ndị ọzọ n'ebe ọ bụla wee dị iche na-acha uhie uhie. Ndị na-eto eto bullfinches nwere nku ojii / ọdụ, mana enweghị okpu ojii ma nwee agba aja aja tupu ọdịda mbụ molt. Ihe dị iche na agba (site na mmekọahụ na afọ) na-apụtawanye ìhè mgbe ị hụrụ ìgwè ehi nke zuru oke.
Ofdị bullfinches
Dị Pyrrhula nwere ụdị bullfinches 9. Site na echiche nke ụfọdụ ndị ornithologists, bụ ndị na-ewere ụdị isi awọ na Ussuri dị ka ụdị nke bullfinch nkịtị, a ka nwere ụdị asatọ. Ejikwa genus na nke abuo abuo - ndi eji oji (4-5 umu) na masked bullfinches (umu 4).
Nhazi ọkwa, ịmata ụdị 9, dị ka nke a:
- Pyrrhula nipalensis - aja aja bullfinch;
- Pyrrhula aurantiaca - odo odo na-akwado bullfinch;
- Pyrrhula erythrocephala - bullfinch na-acha uhie uhie;
- Pyrrhula erythaca - isi awọ isi bullfinch;
- Pyrrhula leucogenis - barnacle bullfinch;
- Pyrrhula murina - Azorean bullfinch;
- Pyrrhula pyrrhula - nkịtị bullfinch;
- Pyrrhula cineracea - isi awọ bullfinch;
- Pyrrhula griseiventris - Ussuri bullfinch.
Na mba anyị, a na-ahụkarị bullfinch a na-ahụkarị, yana ụdị 3 ndị bi na mpaghara dị iche iche nke ohere Soviet:
- Pyrrhula pyrrhula pyrrhula - Euro-Siberia nkịtị bullfinch, ọ bụkwa Eastern European (ụdị kachasị ike);
- Pyrrhula pyrrhula rossikowi - Caucasian nkịtị bullfinch (dị iche na oke obi umeala, mana na-enwu gbaa na agba);
- Pyrrhula pyrrhula cassinii bụ onye nkịtị Kamchatka bullfinch (mkpụrụ ego kasịnụ).
Ebe obibi, ebe obibi
Bullfinches bi na Europe dum, yana Western / East Asia (na njide nke Siberia, Kamchatka na Japan)... Ndida ke n̄kan̄ edem usụk emi atara esịm Spain, Apennines, Greece (edere edere) ye edere edere edere Asia Minor. Na Russia, a na-achọta ehi dị n’ọdịda anyanwụ site n’ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n’ọwụwa anyanwụ, n’ime oke ọhịa na oke ọhịa-steppe (akụkụ ụfọdụ) ebe osisi coniferous na-eto. Nnụnụ na-ahọrọ oke ọhịa na ugwu dị ala, mana na-eleghara ebe ndị na-enweghị osisi anya.
Na mgbakwunye na oke ohia nwere oke ohia, oke ehi na-ebi n'ubi obodo, ogige ntụrụndụ na n'ámá (ọkachasị n'oge oge njem oge). N'oge ọkọchị, a na-ahụ bullfinches ọ bụghị naanị na nnukwu ọhịa, kamakwa na oke ọhịa. Nnụnụ ndị na-anọkarị na-anọkarị, na-esi n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị n'ebe ugwu eme njem. Ebe ndị a na-akwaga n’obodo ha dị n’ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ China na Central Eshia.
Nri Bullfinch
Ndị na-ele nnụnnụ na-asụ bekee kpọrọ bullfinches "ndị na-eri mkpụrụ", na-ezo aka na nnụnụ ndị na-ebibi ihere n'emeghị ihere n'emeghị osisi ọ bụla.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! Mgbe ha ruru mkpụrụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, bullfinches na-akụpịa ha, wepụta mkpụrụ, na-azọpịa ha, na-ahapụ ha na shells, ma rie ha. Thrushes na waxwings na-eme ihe n'ụzọ dị iche - ha na-eloda mkpụrụ osisi dum, n'ihi nke a na-agbaze pulp, na mkpụrụ na-apụta na nsị ka ha na-epupụta na mmiri.
Nri bullfinch gụnyere nri osisi na oge ụfọdụ arachnids (ọkachasị mgbe ị na-enye ọkụkọ). A na-ejikọ menu nke mbụ nke mkpụrụ na mkpụrụ osisi, dị ka:
- osisi / shrub osisi - maple, hornbeam, ash, lilac, alder, linden na birch;
- mkpụrụ osisi osisi / osisi - osisi ash, udara nnụnụ, irga, buckthorn, viburnum, hawthorn na ndị ọzọ;
- hop cones na osisi junipa.
N'oge oyi, bullfinches gbanwee gaa buds na mkpụrụ dị n'oge ahụ n'afọ.
Ntughari na nkpuru
Bullfinches laghachi na saịtị akwụ (coniferous na mbuaha ọhịa) site na etiti ọnwa Machị - mmalite Eprel... Mana ugbua na ngwụcha oge oyi, ụmụ nwoke na-amalite ịchụ nwanyị. Na mbịakwute nke ịhụnanya, mbedo na-esikwu ike, a na-akpụkwa ụzọ izizi mbụ na ìgwè ewu na atụrụ. Ihe bullfinch na-ewuli akwu n’elu alaka osisi spruce, pụọ na akpati ahụ, n’ogologo nke mita 1-5. Mgbe ụfọdụ, akwụ akwụ na-edozi na birches, pines ma ọ bụ na osisi junipa (dị elu).
Nests nwere njide nwere ike ịchọta ugbua na Mee, ụmụ aka na-efe efe ma nwee obi ike na-efe efe na-apụta site na June. Akwu bullfinch ahụ dị ka nnukwu efere esisịt, nke a kpara site na alaka spruce, ahịhịa herbaceous, lichen na moss. Ke ipigide na e nwere ihe karịrị 4-6 ìhè-acha anụnụ anụnụ nsen (2 cm nha), dotted na oge ufodu aja aja ntụpọ / tụrụ.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! Naanị ndị inyom na-emekwa ụfọdụ ihe n'oge incubation nke àkwá izu 2. Nna na-echeta nne na nna mgbe ụmụ ọkụkọ ga-abanye na nku. A na-ahụta ezinaụlọ nke ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ 4-5 gbara ọsọ na nkịtị na bullfinches.
Ọkụkọ, ruo mgbe ha maara otu esi enweta nri n'onwe ha, na-enye obere mkpụrụ na-achaghị acha, mkpụrụ osisi, buds na arachnids. Kemgbe ọnwa Julaị, broods ji nwayọ na-enupụrụ isi n'oké ọhịa ahụ na Septemba - Ọktọba, na-esonye na ndị ugwu ugwu na-apụ na ndịda.
Ezigbo ndị iro
Bullfinches, karịa mgbe nnụnụ ndị ọzọ, na-aghọ anụ oriri dị mfe n'ihi agba ha na-adọrọ adọrọ, ogo ha na ịdị umengwụ.
Ndị iro nkịtị nke bullfinches gụnyere:
- sparrowhawk;
- marten;
- ikwiikwii;
- nwamba (ọhịa na ụlọ).
N’ịtụ mkpụrụ / mkpụrụ osisi, bullfinches na-anọdụkarị n’ihu ma ndị iro ha nwere ike ịhụ ha nke ọma. Ọnọdụ a na-aka njọ site na ntanye anya: bullfinches amaghị ka esi zoo ngwa ngwa n'ọhịa ma ọ bụ dina nkedo na ikuku, na-apụ site na nnụnụ na-eri anụ.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! Iji nwee ike ichebe onwe ha n'oge nri, ehi na-agbakọta n'ìgwè atụrụ ma na-esote anụ ufe ndị ọzọ (greenfinches, finches na blackbirds). Mkpu mkpu nke thrush na-abụ ihe mgbaàmà maka ụgbọ elu, emesịa ndị isi ehi na-ahapụ okpueze.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ na ọnọdụ nke ụdị ahụ
N’ime afọ 10-12 gara aga, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oke ehi na-agbada belata: na mpaghara ụfọdụ, ha esila n’otu ebe gaa na-adị obere. Isi ihe kpatara mbelata nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ka a na-akpọ mbibi nke ebe obibi - ọ bụghị naanị bullfinches, kamakwa ụdị ndị ọzọ chọrọ nnukwu mpaghara okike ọhịa. Dị ka World Resources Institute si kwuo, oke oke ọhịa ndị a na-akpabeghị aka na Russian Federation dị ugbu a 43%. Mwakpo nke Anthropogenic nke ala nwere mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ọtụtụ nnụnụ, gụnyere oke ehi, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị n'oge dị anya gara aga, ọtụtụ nde n'ime ha gbara akwụna n'akụkụ Europe nke Russian Federation.
Ihe na-emetụta ndị bi na bullfinch n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma:
- mmepe ọhịa / ntụrụndụ ọhịa;
- mmebi nke ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi;
- mgbanwe nke mejuputara oke ohia - conifers nye ndi nwere obere mkpuru, ebe umu nnunu achoghi nri na ulo ha di nkpa;
- ndiiche elu / ala okpomọkụ.
Na 2015, e bipụtara Ndepụta Uhie nke Nnụnụ nke Europe (site na mmekọrịta mba ụwa maka nchebe nke okike na nnụnnụ BirdLife International), nke gosipụtara nrite na-enweghị atụ nke otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa na njikọ Azores bullfinch.
Umu anumanu ahu di na mkpochapu n'ihi ahihia ndi ozo nke juputara n'agwaetiti San Miguel, ebe Azores bullfinch bi. BirdLife SPEA nwere ike ịlaghachi ụdị ala agwaetiti dị iche iche, ekele nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bullfinches mụbara ugboro 10 (site na 40 ruo 400 ụzọ abụọ), ụdị ahụ gbanwere ọnọdụ ya - "n'ọnọdụ dị oke egwu" ghọrọ "n'ọnọdụ dị egwu".
