Nnụnụ nke ndị Mayakovsky toro bụ ebube hazel grouse, bụ onye narị puku kwuru narị puku ozu anyị na-eweta mba ọzọ kwa afọ ruo afọ 70 nke narị afọ gara aga. Gourmets nwere ekele maka anụ ọcha ya na-atọ ụtọ nke nwere obi ilu na resin na-esi isi.
Nkọwa nke hazel grouse
Bonasa bonasia (hazel grouse) bu nke ndi ozo na usoro nke umu okuko ma a na ele ya anya dika nnunu kacha mara amara nke bi na oke ohia nke Europe. Ogo nke hazel grouse na-ejikarị nduru ma ọ bụ jackdaw, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwoke toro eto anaghị enweta karịa kilogram 0.4-0.5 site n'oge oyi (ụmụ nwanyị pere mpe)... N'oge opupu ihe ubi, hazel grouses idalata.
Ọdịdị
Site n'ebe dị anya na hazel grouse yiri ka ọ na-acha ntụ ntụ (mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ nwere ọla kọpa), n'agbanyeghị mgbanwe nke nku, ebe ojii, ọcha, agba aja aja na ntụpọ ọzọ. Na-efe efe, a na-ahụkarị otu eriri gbara ọchịchịrị nke dị n'okpuru ọdụ ahụ. Akara na-acha ọbara ọbara na-agba na anya, beak na anya na-ese oji, ụkwụ na-acha ntụ ntụ. Na ihu igwe oyi, agba ntụ na-acha n'akụkụ akụkụ nku ya na-ebuwanye ibu, ọ bụ ya mere nnụnụ ahụ ji dị ọkụ karịa n'oge ọkọchị.
Dinta ga - amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti hazel grouse na anụ ọhịa ndị ọzọ n'ihi ntakịrị obere na mgbanwe ya. Ọ na-esiri m ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti nwanyị na nwoke - nke a ga-ekwe omume naanị mgbe ị na-enyocha nnụnụ gbara.
Ndi nke nwunye ka ha pere mpe mgbe nile ma tinyekwa aka n’ukwu. Ha enweghi mkpuru di ka anya ha di ka umu nwoke na akpiri na-acha ọcha / isi awọ. N'ime ụmụ nwoke, ala nke isi na akpịrị nwere agba ojii. N'ihe dị n'azụ ahụ, isi nke hazel grouse dị obere, beak ahụ gbagọrọ agbagọ, sie ike, ma dị mkpụmkpụ (ihe dịka 1.5 cm). A na-emegharị akụkụ ya dị nkọ maka igbutu Ome na Alaka. Iji gbochie ụkwụ ịpụ na ngalaba mmiri oyi n'oge oyi, nnụnụ ahụ nwere mpi agụụ pụrụ iche pụrụ iche nke na-enyere aka ịnọ ogologo oge na osisi ahụ.
Uma na ibi ndu
Site n'afọ ruo n'afọ, a brood nke hazel grouses bi n'otu ebe, na-ahapụ ya naanị na ọdịda, nke bụ n'ihi mgbanwe nri. Ozugbo snows, nnụnụ na-akwaga na iyi / osimiri ebe birch na alder na-eto. Grouse na-agba ọsọ n'ike n'ike, na-agagharị n'oké ọhịa. Mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ, ọ na-agbatị ntakịrị, na-agbatị olu ya ma na-aga n'ihu. Ihe nkpuchi hazel na-eme aghara, na-eme mkpọtụ ma na-akụda nku ya, na-efe efe (dị ka capercaillie na nwa grouse) ma na-adịghị elu karịa etiti osisi.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! The hazel grouse, nke nwoke na-atụ ụjọ, na-ewepụta mkpụmkpụ, na-agbagharị, na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-atụgharị ma na-efe efe 100 mita iji zoo na okpueze.
N'ozuzu, nke a bụ nnụnụ na-agbachi nkịtị, na-eji ụda ntigide na-egbu egbu oge ụfọdụ... N'oge ọkọchị, hazel grouse na-echekwa ala mgbe niile (na-ehi ụra n'abalị n'okpuru alaka ala spruce ma ọ bụ na ha), mana n 'ihu mkpuchi snow ọ na-akpali osisi. Ọ bụrụ na snow miri emi, nnụnụ ndị ahụ na-anọ ebe ahụ abalị (mita ole na ole site na ibe ha), na-agbanwe ebe obibi kwa ụbọchị.
Snow na-echebe site na ntu oyi, na hazel grouse na-anọdụ ebe ahụ ruo elekere 19 kwa ụbọchị (ọkachasị na Jenụwarị na Febụwarị), na-efegharị naanị na nri. baths dust dust na "anting" (igwu mmiri na ndanda).
Ego ole hazel grouses na-ebi
Ndi nnochite anya umu anumanu a na ebi ndu rue oge ha (8-10 afọ), nke a kọwara abụghị naanị site na ịchụ nta mmasị, mwakpo ndị na-eri anụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Ọkụ na-anwụkarị site na nnukwu ntu oyi na ọkụ ọhịa. Dabere na ndị ornithologists, na Ussuri taiga, ihe ruru otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ụmụ ọkụkọ amụrụ ọhụrụ na-anwụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ihe na-erughị ọkara na-eru ọnwa 2.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! Hazel grouse nwere anụ magburu onwe ya, nke na-acha ọcha na nke dị nro, ntakịrị ntakịrị akpọnwụ, ọ dị ntakịrị ilu ma na-enyekwa mmanụ na-esi ísì ụtọ dị iche (a na-enye ya pulp site na nri fodder, nke nwere resins sitere n'okike)
Umu anumanu nke hazel grouse
Ugbu a, akọwara ụzọ iri na otu, obere ihe dị iche na agba, nha na ebe obibi:
- Bonasa bonasia bonasia (ahụkarị) - bi na Finland, Scandinavia, ọdịda anyanwụ Russia na ugwu Baltic;
- B. b. volgensis - mpaghara ahụ doro anya site na aha Latin, ebe volgensis pụtara "Volga";
- B. septentrionalis - bi n’ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke akụkụ Europe nke Russia, na Ural na Ural, na Siberia, tinyekwara n’ọnụ ndị Amur;
- B. rhenana - bi na northwest Europe, Germany na Austria;
- B. rupestris nkesa - achọtara na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Germany;
- B. styriacus - Alps na Carpathians;
- B. schiebeli - bi na Balkans. N'ebe ugwu, ọ nwere oke ala na B. styriacus, ókè-ala ahụ na-agbago ugwu Karavanke;
- B. kolymensis - bi na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ugwu ahụ, na-agagharị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti Yakutia;
- B. yamashinai - ebe a kpaara na Sakhalin;
- B. amurensis - ugwu nke Primorsky Territory, Korea Peninsula na northeast nke Manchuria;
- B. vicinitas - Ekesa ya na agwaetiti Hokkaido.
Ebe ọ bụ na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị na-ahụkarị na nke ndị ọzọ na obere obere, mkpebi ziri ezi nke ọ bụla agaghị ekwe omume na-enweghị nyocha na nyocha siri ike.
Ebe obibi, ebe obibi
Oke ohia na oke ugwu nke nnukwu kọntinent Eurasia - nke a bu ebe egwuregwu a na-efe nku nke a na-akpọ hazel grouse na-ahọrọ ibi. O juputara na oke ohia nke Russia site na odida anyanwu rue owuwa anyanwu, ewepu Kamchatka na Anadyr. N'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ, oke ya ruru na mpaghara ugwu nke oke ọhịa. Na mpụga ohere post-Soviet, a ga-ahụ hazel grouse na North Japan, Korea, Scandinavia, North Mongolia, yana Western Europe (ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Pyrenees).
Dị mkpa! Ebe kachasị amasị ya bụ ebe dị larịị na nke spruce-deciduous taiga na oke ọhịa, ebe ọ na-abanye, na-agbado na ndagwurugwu osimiri.
Grouse na-anọdụ n'oké ọhịa coniferous gbara ọchịchịrị, nke ejiri obere ụdị ahịhịa (gụnyere birch, ash ash, alder na willow), tinyere na ndagwurugwu ebe a gwakọtara osisi spruce-deciduous.
Na mpaghara ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke oke ya, nnụnụ ahụ na-ebi ebe niile kwa afọ na ọhịa ochie osisi na-egbu osisi, mana na mpaghara ndị ọzọ ọ na-akwaga na oke ọhịa na-acha naanị na mmiri / ọkọchị.
Grouse na-ahọrọ ala oke ohia nke nwere mmiri iru mmiri, kpuchie ya na ahịhịa ndụ, na-ezere oke ọhịa pine na akọrọ na-enweghị atụ na oke ọhịa pine na-adịghị ahụkebe. A hụkwara hazel grouse na ugwu na elu nke ihe karịrị 2 puku mita karịa ọkwa mmiri.
Hazel na-eri nri
Nchịkọta nhọrọ dịgasị iche dabere na oge, mana isi nri nke okenye hazel grouse bụ ahịhịa, nke ụmụ ahụhụ na-agwakọta mgbe ụfọdụ.... Nri ahụ bara ọgaranya karị n'oge ọkọchị (ruo ụdị 60) ma belata n'oge oyi (ihe dị ka 20). Na Eprel-Mee, hazel grouse na-eri catkins na ifuru buds na birches / willows, willow na aspen epupụta, mkpụrụ osisi na mkpuru osisi fọdụrụ na ala, ifuru / epupụta nke ahịhịa herbaceous, yana ahụhụ, ndanda, slugs na spiders.
N'oge ọkọchị, nnụnụ na-etinye mkpụrụ, ahịhịa ndụ nke ahịhịa, ụmụ ahụhụ na, obere oge, na-acha mkpụrụ osisi (blueberries, strawberries na raspberries). Ka ọ na-erule ọnwa Septemba, nri ahụ agbanweela dị ka nke a:
- lingonberị;
- rowan / tomato bekee;
- meadowsweet na mariannik mkpụrụ;
- bluuberi na currant;
- mkpụrụ fir;
- alder ọla ntị / buds;
- aspen / akwukwo ahihia.
Ke October, hazel grouse switches ka roughage (catkins, buds, alaka nke birch, alder na osisi ndị ọzọ / nke osisi). Ajịrịja nkume, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nkume igwe nri n'ime afọ, na-enyere aka igweri eriri siri ike. Na nri nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-eto eto, enwere nri protein karịa (ụmụ ahụhụ) na ihe mejupụtara osisi ahụ na-adọrọ mmasị karị.
Ntughari na nkpuru
Oge oge oge oge njikọta na-adabere na ihu igwe na ọdịdị nke oge opupu ihe ubi. Hazel grouses na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye ndị mmekọ ha ma na-etolite abụọ site na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, na-ebi nso ma na-elekọta ibe ha. Oge opupu ihe ubi na-ebute oge nke ikpo ọkụ ma doo anya, ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo. Uzu hazel (n'adịghị ka osisi grouses) enweghị otu ndị dị ugbu a: a na-agwa onye ọlụlụ okwu ọlụlụ ma na-eme na saịtị nkeonwe.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! Hazel grouse na-agbaso nke nwanyi, na-agbanye ọdụ ya, ọ na-aza ma na-adọta nku ya, na-atụgharị nke ọma ma na-afụrụ mkpọrọhịhị. Nwanyị anaghị ada n'azụ nwoke, na-aza ya mkpọrọhịhị nke staccato.
Na nso nso oge okpomọkụ, ka nnụnụ na-azọ ije: ha na-achụrụ onwe ha, ọgụ na ịlụ. Nwanyị na-eme akwụ akwụ, na-eme oghere n'okpuru ohia / ịnwụ anwụ ebe snow gbazeela. Na ipigide na-enwekarị ihe ruru 10, obere oge 15 àkwá, nke ụmụ nwanyị na-etinyekwa ya, na-anọdụ ala nke ọma na enwere ike iburu ya.
Incubation dịruru izu 3, na-ejedebe na hatching nke kpamkpam onwe ha chicks, nke ụbọchị nke abụọ na-agba ọsọ mgbe nne ha na-eri nri na ụmụ ahụhụ. Ọkụ na-eto n'ike n'ike ma ọnwa ole na ole gachaa, ha etolite.
Ezigbo ndị iro
Karịsịa, egwuregwu a na-efe efe na-ata ahụhụ site na sable, nke na-ahọrọ hazel grouse na nnụnụ ọzọ ma rie ozu ya 25 n'oge oyi.... Yabụ, na kọlụm "ọnwụ nke hazel grouse site na okike ihe kpatara ”(maka ụfọdụ mpaghara Siberia) nwere ihe dịka 80%. Onye iro nke abụọ bụ marten, na -emepụta ebuka site na ụlọ hazel gburu ya. Ihe iyi egwu a sitere na ohia: o maghi etu esi ejide ndi okenye hazel, kama o rie otutu akwa ha, na-acho ebe ndi ozo di.
Ọzọkwa, ndị dị otú ahụ na-eri anụ na-achụ nta:
- nkịta ọhịa;
- ihe mmasi;
- obere egbe;
- ugo;
- ikwiikwii;
- egbe;
- ugo ọlaedo;
- goshawk.
Nnụnụ nwere ike ịbanye n’ime snow na-azọpụta ya mgbe nnụnụ, ma ọ bụghị site na ụkwụ anọ na-eri anụ. N'ebe obibi nke abalị nke hazel grouse, a na-achọta weasels n'ụzọ dị mfe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ermine, weasel, ferret na wolverine. N'eziokwu, mgbe ụfọdụ nnụnụ ahụ ka na-ejikwa n'aka anụ ọhịa ahụ gbapụ n'ihi ogologo ụzọ snow na-aga, nke na-enye oge iji mata ihe egwu na ụzọ mgbapụ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ na ọnọdụ nke ụdị ahụ
Site n'oge ruo n'oge, a na-ahụ mbelata kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nke hazel grouse, nke a na-abụkarị n'ihi nloghachi nke ntu oyi na ọkara nke abụọ nke incubation (embrayo na-anwụ site na hypothermia). Icing na-eduga ná mbelata nke anụ ụlọ, mgbe ntu oyi na-esote ihe na-atụghị anya ya na snow na-ekpuchi ice.... The hazel grouses na-anwụ n'usoro, ebe ọ bụ na ha enweghị ike ịbanye n'ime eriri ahụ ma daba n'ime snow. N'ebe ndị mmadụ bijupụtara, ihe ndị na-akpata anthropogenic bụ ihe kpatara ụta nke ụlọ nri hazel, gụnyere igbukpọsị osisi na ịkọ ọhịa na ebe obibi nnụnụ ọdịnala.
Ọ bụ na-akpali! N'oge a, ịdị adị nke ụdị ahụ anaghị akpata ụjọ, na Russia (mgbe ọdịda USSR gasịrị) hazel grouses amụbawo ọnụ ọgụgụ ha nke ukwuu. Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ enweghị azụmaahịa azụmaahịa: ịchụ nta (ibe) ịchụ nta anaghị emetụta anụ ụlọ.
Dabere na International Union for Conservation of Nature, ngụkọta nke ụlọ hazel bụ nde mmadụ 15-40, nke nde 7.5-9.1 nọ na Europe. Akụkụ ọdụm nke ndị bi n'ụwa nke hazel grouses dị na Russia. Umu anumanu a gunyere na International Red Book dika o no na nsogbu.
