Maka ọtụtụ ndị hụrụ entomology n'anya urukurubụba apollo - nrọ a hụrụ n'anya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịbeghị anya achọtara ya n'ime ọhịa paini akọrọ na etiti Russia. Ọkammụta ama ama LB Stekolnikov raara ya uri.
Aha a sitere n'aka chi Greek nke mara mma Apollo ma nwee ezi ihe kpatara ya - mma nke ahụhụ ahụ agaghị ahapụ onye ọ bụla. Na urukurubụba ahụ sitere na okwu Slavic "nne nne" - a kwenyere na mkpụrụ obi ụmụ nwanyị nwụrụ anwụ na-efe efe.
Nkọwa na atụmatụ
Latin aha: Parnassius appollo
- :Dị: arthropods;
- Klas: ụmụ ahụhụ;
- Iwu: Lepidoptera;
- Dị: Parnassius;
- Lee: Apollo.
A na-eke ah into u n'ime isi, obi, na af o, nke nwere agba itoolu. Ọkpụkpụ dị n'èzí bụ mkpuchi chitinous siri ike nke na-echebe mmetụta ndị ọzọ.
Lepidopterology bụ akụkụ dị na entomology nke na-amụ lepidoptera.
Anya convex (cervical sclerites) nke ụdị faceted, nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke anya m, maka nchapu ọkụ n'akụkụ niile, ndị na-ahụ maka mgbanwụ ruru 27,000. Anya, nke na-eju ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ntutu, bụ nke corolla nke ntutu dị mma mejupụtara. Ekwenyere na ha nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị na agba, mana ole ha amaghị nke ọma.
Antennae - akụkụ ahụ dị iche iche nke na-amata ihe na-esi isi na ikuku, mgbe ị na-efe efe na-etinye aka na njikwa. Havemụ nwoke nwere antennae ka ibu karịa ụmụ nwanyị.
A gbanwere jaws ike nke ukwuu ka ọ bụrụ proboscis n'ụdị ọkpọkọ akpọrepu n'ime mpịakọta. N'ime shei nke proboscis kpuchie na ịchọ nlezianya obere cilia iji chọpụta uto nke nectar. Ahụhụ nwere ụkwụ isii nwere mkpịsị aka ya, enwere oghere nyocha.
Nnukwu nku buru ibu na-eru centimita itoolu, ha dị ude, translucent nwere ntụpọ ọbara ọbara na nku ala na oji na ndị elu. Uhie na-acha uhie uhie gbara gburugburu na-acha oji, n'ụdị ụfọdụ ha gbara gburugburu, na ndị ọzọ ha bụ square.
Ihe atumatu nke nku ala ka emebere site na ntutu di ocha; n’elu afo na-enwu oji, ntutu yiri ntutu dika nkpuru. A na-eji isi awọ mee ka akụkụ elu nke nku ahụ sie ike;
Na veins nke nku elu na nke ala, enwere akpịrịkpa chitinous n'ụdị ntutu dịpụrụ adịpụ, nke ọ bụla nwere otu ụdị nke na-acha nha, nke na-ahụ maka ụkpụrụ na map nku. Gbọ elu nwere ike isonye site na ịfe nku ya ma ọ bụ ịgbago n'elu na ebili mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ. Agba ahụ mere Apollo ihe nru ububa mara oke mma. N'ịbụ ndị na-emebi emebi n'ọdịdị, ha nwere ike ịlanarị n'ọnọdụ siri ike.
Nchikota umuaka bu oji, na akuku nke obula enwere nkpuru ahihia, n'ime ahịrị abuo, nke na-esi na ntutu ojii na-aputa. Okenye caterpillars mara mma ojii na agba ya na ahịrị abụọ nke ntụpọ uhie n'akụkụ ahụ dum na waatị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.
N’isi e nwere oghere iku ume abụọ na mpi zoro ezo, nke na-eto ma ọ bụrụ na ihe egwu, na-eme ka isi ísì ọjọọ na-asọ oyi. Ha nwere okpukpu atọ nke ụkwụ obi na ụzọ ise nke ụkwụ abdominal - ndị buru ibu na nko na ndụmọdụ. Ihe ngosi na-egbukepụ egbukepụ na-emenye ndị iro ụjọ, na mgbakwunye, caterpillars bụ ajị ajị, ya mere ọtụtụ nnụnụ adịghị achụ nta ha, naanị cuckoos na-eri ha.
Tupu pupation, nkịta ahụ na-amalite ichegbu onwe ya nke ọma, na-agagharị ngwa ngwa, na-achọ mkpuchi, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ahụ ya n'okporo ụzọ na n'okporo ụzọ. Mgbe ọ chọtara ebe kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ malitere ịkpa akwa, buru ụzọ kpaa ọtụtụ eriri akwa maka isi nke capsule ahụ, wee na-aga n'ihu ịkpa ákwà siri ike ruo mgbe enwetara ụlọ siri ike, nke siri ike maka ọkwa ọzọ nke mmepe nke onye ahụ.
Okenye katapila nke Apollo urukurubụba bụ nwa na-acha ọbara ọbara tụrụ
A na-ekpuchi Pupae na mkpuchi chitinous, site na nke na mgbe emechara ya na cobwebs, usoro nke urukurubụba na-amalite ịpụta, a na-ahụkarị proboscis n'ụzọ doro anya, atụmatụ nke nku na anya ga-ahụ anya. Naanị ihe yiri mgbaaka nke akụkụ nke akụkụ nke pupa bụ mobile.
Apollo Butterfly Pupa
Inddị
Butterdị butterflies Apollo
- Demokratus krulikovski - bi na Middle Urals na akụkụ Europe nke Russia, bụ nke mbụ achọpụtara na 1906;
- Meingardi Sheljuzhko bụ nnukwu mkpụrụ osisi dị ukwuu bi na mpaghara ọhịa-steppe nke Western Siberia, a na-ekewa ụdị ahụ na 1924;
- Limikola Stichel - 1906, Middle na South Urals - achọtara n'ụkwụ;
- Ciscucasius Shelijuzhko - bi na Greater Caucasus Range, achọpụtara na 1924;
- Breitfussi Brik - ọtụtụ ihe nlere dị na Crimea Peninsula, 1914;
- Alpheraki Krulivski - ebe nkesa - ugwu Altai, 1906;
- Sibirius Nordmann - ugwu Sayan, ala pre-Baikal, afọ nke nchọta 1851;
- Hesebolus Nordmann - Mongolia, ókèala Baikal, ọwụwa anyanwụ Siberia, 1851;
- Merzbacheri - udiri anumanu n'etiti ndi Kyrgyz flora;
- Parnassius Nwachukwu - ojii Apollo urukurubụba;
- Carpathicus Rebel et Rogenhofer - ebe obibi nke Carpathians, 1892;
- A na-ahụ ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi dị n'etiti ugwu ugwu nke Pyrenees na Alps.
Ndụ na ebe obibi
Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-ebi ndụ na-adịghị ala ala, na-enwe mmasị na ebe obibi. Ebe obibi nke Apollo belatara nke ukwuu n'ihi mmepe nke ebe ụmụ ahụhụ na-ebikarị nke ụmụ mmadụ. Ọrụ akụ na ụba na-ebibi osisi jupụtara na mbara igwe kwesịrị ekwesị maka nri maka caterpillars nke ụdị ahụ, ojiji nke pesticides nwere mmetụta dị njọ na ụdị ụmụ ahụhụ niile.
Ihe kpatara mbelata na mpaghara obibi:
- Kọ ala nke ókèala;
- Agba ahịhịa ọka;
- Anụ ụlọ na-ata nri n'ọ theụ ebe Apollo bi;
- Ubi ala ubi;
- Okpomọkụ gburugburu ụwa.
Mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ na-eduga na ntoputa nke caterpillars, nke na-anwụ site na ntu oyi na enweghị nri, na-enweghị imecha usoro nke metamorphosis.
Ogige nke nkesa:
- Ugwu ugwu nke Ural;
- Western Siberia;
- N’ugwu Kazakhstan;
- N’ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ;
- North America;
- Ala ahịhịa juru.
Speciesfọdụ ụdị bi na elu 4000 mita, na-agaghị agbada.
Oriri na-edozi ahụ
Gini ka urukurubụba Apollo na-eri? Ka anyị chọpụta nke a. Ndị okenye na-eri nri nectar nke okooko osisi, mana iji nweta ihe dị mkpa dị na sodium, ha na-anọdụ ala na ụrọ mmiri, na-ahapụ nnu. Unyi na-acha uhie uhie, ọsụsọ mmadụ, na mamịrị anụmanụ bụ isi iyi nke ihe ndị na-eme eme. Karịsịa ụmụ nwoke na-ezukọkarị n'ebe a na-enweta ihe mgbakwunye achọrọ.
Akwa na-etinyere na osisi nke caterpillar ga-emesị rie, ndị a bụ:
- Ihe sedum bụ caustic;
- Sedum dị ọcha;
- Ọ bụ ọdo;
- Ugwu gbara ugwu thorny;
- Sedum bu ngwakọ;
- Oregano nkịtị;
- Ọka na-acha anụnụ anụnụ;
- Ugbo ala ahihia;
- A na-eri ndị na-eto eto n’ugwu Alps.
Caterpillars na-eri nri na ihu igwe anwụ, na-ahọrọ ịzobe na ahihia ahihia mgbe mmiri ozuzo na igwe ojii. Pupae na-eri nri n’ime onwe ha, ha enweghị ọnụ mpụta.
Ntughari na ndu ndu
Mụ nwoke, dị njikere ịlụ di ma ọ bụ nwunye, na-achụpụ ndị niile na-asọ mpi na mpaghara ha, mgbe ụfọdụ, aesụ, anụ ọhịa. Mmekọahụ na alụm di na nwunye na Apollo bụ ndị a: nwanyị na - ekpughe pheromones - ihe pụrụ iche pụrụ iche nke na - adọta nwoke.
Ọ hụrụ otu nwanyị site na isi ya kachasị amasị ya ma agba egwu alụmdi na nwunye amalite. Nwoke na-egosi ugwu ya site na mmegharị, otu o buru ibu, nku bu nke buru ibu, o na emetu ntutu nke nwanyi ya na ntutu ya na afo, na-eme ka okpukpo di egwu
Ná ngwụsị nke mmekọahụ, nwoke na-ekpuchi afọ nwanyị ahụ na akara sphragis, iji wepu njikọta spam ugboro ugboro - ụdị ụdị ịdị ọcha.
Mgbe ahụ ọ na-amalite ịkụ nku ya na rhythmically, mepee ya iji gosipụta anya uhie na akụkụ ala. Na-akpali antennae na antennae, ọ bụrụ na ụmụ nwanyị kwenyere ịlụ di na nwunye, wee nọdụ n'akụkụ ya.
Ọ na-efe ya gburugburu na ndị di na nwunye na-efe efe, uto (sphragis ma ọ bụ ndochi) na-etolite na nsọtụ afọ n'oge oge ịlụ. Atingme agụụ mmekọahụ na-adịru nkeji 20, di na nwunye ahụ na-eji oge a emegharịghị ahụ, na-anọdụ ala na osisi.
Ndụ okirikiri metamorphoses:
- Akwa akwa - nwanyị na-etinye akwa 1000, na otu nke nsen 10-15, n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-arapara ha na mpempe akwụkwọ na nzuzo site n'ọnụ nke afọ. Shei nke àkwá bụ ok, nke imi ike, a siri ike nchedo a kpụrụ, dị ka chitinous mkpuchi.
- Katapila ogbo - ikpuru na-apụta site na àkwá ahụ, na-amalite taa ikikere nke akwukwo a mụrụ ya. Kama n'ọnu, o nwere ngwa na-ataputa ara ya na okpukpu abuo nke mmiri na-amiko, mmiri mmiri a nke gland zoputara n'ikuku, na-eme akwa. Na ngwụcha nke nnụnụ ahụ, ọ na-ezobe weebụ, na-amalite ịgbanye ya ka ọ ghọọ pupa.
- Pupal ogbo - emekarị freezes, maka ino na mkpu n'oge oyi. A na-arapara ya n’osisi ma ọ bụ n’akwụkwọ, ọ na-esikarị ike n’elu ya. Na mbu ocha ya bu ahihia ocha di na agba, mgbe ahu o na-esi ike ma buru ya na-acha ocha. N’anya, a na-ahụ ihe ndepụta nke ihe nru ububa ga-eme n’ọdịnihu site n’elu. N'ime, enweghị ike ịhụ anya, histolysis na - eme - usoro nke mgbasa nke ahụ caterpillar. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, histogenesis na-amalite - nhazi nke akụkụ nke urukurubụba n'ọdịnihu, ọkpụkpụ ya, akụkụ ahụ nke uche, nku na usoro nri. Usoro abụọ a na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge.
- Imago - otu ụgbọ mmiri toro eto na-apụta, ọ dị nro, nku a na-apịaji na dented. N'ihe dị ka awa abụọ, nku ahụ gbasaa, na-agbasi ike, ọ na-asa, na-agbasa antennae ya na proboscis. Ugbu a, ọ na-enwe ike ife ofufe ma mụta nwa, oge ịmalite ịmalite na July-August!
Mwube ala kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ dugara na mpaghara ebe obibi Apollo nkịtị, na-efu efu nke ụfọdụ okpuru. Edepụtara na Red Book nke International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN, na Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian Red Data Books.
Regionsfọdụ mpaghara Russia abanyela na ya na akwụkwọ mpaghara nke nchekwa umu - Smolensk, Tambov na Moscow, Chuvashia, Mordovia. Reserve Prioksko-Terrasny etinye aka na mweghachi nke ụgbọ mmiri Apollo, mana enweghị mweghachi nke biotopes, ọrụ anaghị enye nsonaazụ achọrọ.
