Mpaghara Smolensk dị na etiti etiti Russia na East European Plain. E kenyere Smolensk-Moscow Upland akụkụ ya bụ isi, n'akụkụ ndịda nke Transnistrian Lowland, na n'akụkụ ugwu-ọdịda anyanwụ nke Baltic.
Ọnọdụ ala nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị nwayọọ, nke na-adịghị akọwa oke okpomọkụ. Winters na-ekpo ọkụ, nkezi okpomọkụ bụ -10, ọ dịkarịghị na ọ nwere ike ịdaba na -30, na ọkara nke abụọ nke oge oyi. N'akụkụ a nke Russia, mmiri na-ezo mgbe niile ma ihu igwe igwe na-acha. Ọ naghị ekpo ọkụ ebe a n'oge ọkọchị ruo mgbe + 20 kachasị.
Na mpaghara Smolensk, Osimiri Dnieper na-asọba na ndị ọrụ ya Vol, Desna, Sozh, Vyazma, na mgbakwunye, e nwere ihe dị ka ọdọ mmiri 200, ndị kachasị mma n'ime ha: Svaditskoye na Velisto. Mkpokọta oke ọhịa dị puku hekta 2185.4 ma biri 42% nke mpaghara ahụ.
Ahịhịa
Osisi nke mpaghara Smolensk nwere oke ohia, osisi ndi ozo, osisi, nkpuru ahihia, uzo, obi uto.
Osisi gbara agba mejuputara 75.3% nke mkpo ahihia niile nke ala a, nke 61% dara na ala osisi.
Osisi coniferous mejuputara 24.3%, n'etiti ha umu osisi spruce meriri (ihe dika 70%).
Oke ohia nke osisi ohia bu nani 0.4% nke mkpo ahihia.
Typesdị osisi ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ:
Osisi Birch
Birch, ịdị elu ya bụ 25-30 m, nwere okpueze na-emeghe emeghe na ogbugbo ọcha. Ọ bụghị nke ụdị anụ ọhịa, na-anagide frosts. Speciesdị osisi kachasị dị iche.
Aspen
Aspen bụ osisi deciduous nke ezinụlọ Willow. Ọ na-agbasa na mpaghara ndị gbara ọchịchịrị na oyi, ihu igwe pụrụ iche bụ ahịhịa na-ama jijiji na ikuku ọkụ.
Alder
Speciesdị 9 na-anọchite anya Alder na Russia, nke kachasị bụ ojii alder. Ọ ruru elu 35 m na dayameta nke 65 cm, a na-eji osisi ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ngwá ụlọ.
Maple
Maple bụ nke osisi deciduous, nwere ike itolite site na 10 ruo 40 mita n'ịdị elu, na-eto ngwa ngwa. Ọ dị ezigbo mfe ịrịa ọrịa na pests.
Oak
Oak bụ nke ezinụlọ Beech, ọ bụ osisi deciduous, ịdị elu ya nwere ike iru 40-50 m.
Linden
Linden toro ruo 30 m, na-adị ndụ ruo afọ 100, na-ahọrọ mpaghara nke oke ọhịa agwakọtara, na-anagide ndo.
Ash
Ash bụ nke ezinụlọ Olive, nwere obere akwụkwọ, ruru 35 m n'ịdị elu.
Spruce
Spruce bụ nke ezinụlọ Pine ma bụrụ osisi na-adịghị epupụta na obere agịga, nwere ike iru 70 m.
Paini
Osisi pine ahụ nwere nnukwu agịga ma bụrụkwa osisi resinous.
N'etiti ahịhịa bụ:
Ọhịa geranium
Forest geranium bụ perennial ogwu, inflorescence bụ ìhè lilac ma ọ bụ ọchịchịrị lilac na a Mkpa ọkụ n'etiti;
Edo-edo zelenchuk
A na-akpọ odo odo Zelenchuk na anya abalị, na-ezo aka na osisi perennial na akwụkwọ velvet, iko ifuru ahụ dị ka mgbịrịgba.
Oke ohia Angelica
The Angelica bụ nke ezinụlọ Umbrella, okooko osisi ọcha yiri ọdịdị nche anwụ.
N'ime ohia spruce ị nwere ike ịchọta: mosses green, lingonberries, raspberries, hazel, acid acid, blueberries.
Moss green
Lingonberị
Rasberi
Hazel
Kislitsa
Bluberị
N'ime oke ohia enwere: lichens, heather, pusi's paws, juniper.
Ntinye
Heather
Oke ukwu cat
Junipa
A na-eji oke osisi egbute osisi na mpaghara ugwu, ọdịda anyanwụ na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mpaghara ahụ, akụ na ụba ndị eji eme ihe na-eweghachi site na obere osisi. A na-eji osisi na-agwọ ọrịa eme ihe maka mkpa ọgwụ. E nwere ugbo ịchụ nta n'ókèala Smolensk, a na-arụ ọrụ nyocha.
Na mpaghara Smolensk e nwere idei mmiri, ala ahịhịa na ala akọrọ, yana ala apịtị na ala.
Anumanu nke mpaghara Smolensk
Tụle na mpaghara ahụ dị na mpaghara nke oke ọhịa agwakọtara, mgbe ahụ n'ókèala ya bi:
N'ebe ọ bụla nke Smolensk ị nwere ike ị gafee hedgehog, mole, bat, hare. A na-edepụta ọtụtụ ụsụ na Red Book.
Hedgehog
Mole
Batsụ
Ogbe
Ohia bu oke mmadu buru ibu, anumanu bu ihe achu.
oke oyibo
Azụ na-ahọrọ ahịhịa na mpaghara ahịhịa.
Agba aja agba
Agba aja aja bụ anụ na-eri anụ, nke buru ibu buru ibu, na-ahọrọ idobe oke ọhịa, enwere ihe dịka anụmanụ 1,000.
Wolf
Anụ ọhịa wolf - enwere ha zuru oke na mpaghara ahụ, yabụ kwere ka ịchụ nta.
Edere ihe dị ka ụdị anụmanụ 131 na Red Book of Smolensk ma iwu na-echebe ya, amachibidoro ịchụ nta. Nọ n'ihe ize ndụ bụ:
Muskrat
Desman bụ nke ezinụlọ Mole. Ọ bụ obere anụmanụ, ọdụ ya kpuchie akpịrịkpa agụụ, imi ya dị n'ụdị akpati, aka na ụkwụ dị mkpụmkpụ, ajị anụ ahụ na-acha ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ na-acha oji, ọchịchịrị dị mfe.
Otter
Otter bụ anụ na-eri anụ ezinụlọ Mustelidae. Ọ na-ebi ndụ ọkara mmiri. Anumanu nwere aru di nma, aji ya bu aja oji di n'elu, ya di nma ma obu ọla ọcha. Akụkụ anatomical nke usoro otter (isi dị larịị, ụkwụ dị mkpụmkpụ na ọdụ ogologo) kwere ka igwu mmiri n'okpuru mmiri, ajị anụ ya anaghị enweta mmiri.
Nnụnụ
N'ime oge akwụ na mpaghara a enwere ụdị nnụnụ iri asaa, ọtụtụ n'ime ha pere mpe, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịchụ ha. Onye kacha nta gụnyere:
Oji nwa
Ejiri ajị ojii na oji na-acha ọcha na nri na mmiri na-emighị emi na ala ahịhịa juru.
Ugo nke na-acha ọla edo
Ugo ọla edo bụ nke ezinụlọ Yastrebins, na-ahọrọ ibi ugwu, na ndagwurugwu. Onye ahụ na-eto eto nwere nnukwu ntụpọ na-acha ọcha na nku, ọdụ na-acha ọcha nke nwere oke ọchịchịrị. Nnụnụ a na-akpakọ. Agba nke plumage nke okenye bụ ọchịchịrị aja aja ma ọ bụ oji-aja aja.
Agwo
A na-ahụ ugo agwọ n'ọhịa agwakọta na ọhịa-steppe. Azụ nnụnụ bụ isi awọ-acha ajaja. Nnụnụ na-ezoro ezo.
Nwa ọgazị
Ọkpụkpụ ojii ahụ bụ nke ezinụlọ Duck, onye nnọchianya ha pere mpe. Isi na olu dị oji, azụ na nku ya na-acha aja aja. Na ndị okenye, akwa olu dị ọcha n’olu dị n’okpuru akpịrị. Paws na onu okuko bu oji.
Ugo dịrị ọcha
Ugo na-acha ọcha nwere ude nwere aja aja, na isi ya na olu ya na-acha odo odo, ọdụ ahụ dị ọcha dịịrị wedge, beak na iris nke anya bụ odo odo.
Peregrine agụ nkwọ
Mkpụrụ osisi peregrine bụ nke ezinụlọ Falcon, nha ya anaghị agafe oke nke nnụnụ kpuchiri ekpuchi. A na-amata ihe dị iche site n'ọchịchịrị gbara ọchịchịrị, nke na-acha nchara nchara n'azụ, afọ ọkụ dịgasị iche na isi ojii n'isi. Peregrine Falcon bụ nnụnụ kachasị ọsọ n'ụwa, ọsọ ya karịrị 322 kilomita kwa elekere.
Ugo Na-erughị Ala
Nnukwu Ugo Aturu
Ugo pere mpe nwere mkpachapụ anya, nwere agba aja aja gbara ọchịchịrị, n'azụ isi ya na mpaghara dị n'okpuru ọdụ dị mfe karị.
